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Have you ever wondered how the old masters managed to create incredible compositions? Here is one of their secrets that you can apply to your paintings easily, and with excellent results.
What is the Golden Ratio?

The golden ratio (also known as the golden section, and golden mean) is the ratio 1:0.62. Use it to divide lines and rectangles in an aesthetically pleasing way. In the above square A is 0.62 of the rectangle. Square B is 0.62 of square A. Square C is 0.62 of square B, and so on. It is also called the divine proportion, and golden number. It is a mathematical ratio that’s commonly found in nature, and can be used to create visually-pleasing compositions in your artwork.
Details: The Golden Ratio In Art
The golden ratio is a method that you can use to divide lines and rectangles in an aesthetically pleasing way. Architects use a very accurate golden ratio number, 0.62, when designing buildings. As an easier rule of thumb for your art, you can use a ratio of 3 to 5. Although not the exact 0.62 golden ratio, this is close enough for artists. This golden ratio has been used throughout history by artists to place points and lines of interest in their work.
In “A Stroll in Xizhou” the houses on the street in the sunlight were casting interesting shadows across the road. I needed to divide the shadow areas and the sunlit areas into two different sizes to make them interesting. I ended up stopping the lit part of the street exactly 5 parts out of 8 in the horizontal direction – the golden ratio.
You may wonder if I measured this while I was painting? In actual fact I did not even think about the golden ratio while I was in the middle of the painting. I only discovered after I had finished that I had used the golden ratio everywhere! When I was painting the picture it just “felt right”. While you are starting out, you can measure this point to place key lines and points of interest, but later on it will become more intuitive and you will not have to think about it – much like all the other aspects of painting.
In this diagram you can see the horizontal shadow line was also placed at the golden ratio and so was the large figure to the left.

3 Steps To Apply The Golden Ratio In Your Paintings
- Divide the edge of your canvas into eight sections by halving it several times to create 8 divisions.

- Draw a line down the canvas at the third section from the left (or right).

- Draw a line across the canvas at the third section from the bottom (or top).

- Place the focal point or focal area of your painting where the lines meet.
You can draw the lines at other 3:5 sections of your paintings to create different compositions.
Examples Of The Golden Ratio
Here are some old master paintings where you can clearly see they have used the golden ratio. The 3:5 golden ratio gives you a very pleasing division of your canvas. Use it to place your focal point, or focal area, as Sargent, Zaitsev, and Vermeer did here.






Learn more about using the golden ratio in your paintings.
To learn more about how to use the golden ratio, focal area, and for other composition and techniques, see the lessons in Workshop E of the Virtual Art Academy Apprentice Program.
Read more about space division in your paintings, and interlocking shapes in order to make your compositions more interesting and engaging for your viewers.
See also Wikipedia: Golden Ratio
Thank You
Thank you for taking the time to read this article. I hope you find it useful. If you would like to get free painting tips by email, please sign up for my free tips newsletter.
If you are interested in a structured approach for learning how to paint, take a look at my online painting classes.
Happy painting!
Barry John Raybould
Virtual Art Academy
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It is a real course that trains you in a structured way

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When I got word of the course available through Virtual Art Academy, I was very excited for the opportunity to learn what I never knew about painting. VAA has provided me an excellent foundation on so many aspects of painting. The course is organized very logically, provides great examples, diagrams, thorough explanations and worthwhile assignments. I highly recommend this course to anyone with a desire for an in-depth education of art.
Thank you again, Barry, I love this course Jeanne
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The equivalent of a 4 year art education at a fraction of the cost

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Since I started the programme I can see improvements in my composition and use of colour

I have been working through the VAA course for over five years and would highly recommend it to anyone wanting to improve their painting. There is a huge amount of information on the site and it is well presented and regularly updated and added to. When other members have commented on work I have posted I have found it really useful. When I review my work over the time since I started the programme I can see improvements in my composition and use of colour.
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Barry gave me a fishing rod so I can catch my own fish

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I started learning oil painting with VAA from scratch. Just one year later my paintings started to sell

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Building blocks of learning is the best I have seen

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No need to buy expensive art books…. Just do the VAA 4 year course. I still refer to it

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‘Ladder of Learning’ adds to overall positive experience of this awesome course

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comprehensive art education

The most comprehensive art instruction I could find anywhere online, and trust me, I had been looking for a long time.

The Virtual Art Academy is simply the most comprehensive art instruction I could find anywhere online, and trust me, I had been looking for a long time.
Even art schools and academies I’ve been exposed to are nowhere near as thorough, VAA is just amazing!
Most paintings I see where the artist clearly has some skill still lack in either the values or notan department, or fall down on composition – it’s baffling that VAA seems to be the only program that goes into detail on this. Therefore, if you are new to painting or an experienced artist, studying with VAA will get you to that next step.
I also find that Barry is always interested in what we students do and is at hand with great advice. Worth every penny, Thank you Barry!!
The small steps are easy to do

I’m Richard Robinson …. best online art training available on the internet today

In my opinion Barry has created the best online art training available. I found the Virtual Art Academy course of painting lessons many years ago and was so inspired by it that I contacted the author and got to know him personally.
Two Critical Keys
If you are looking (like I did) for the best painting course available there are two key things you should know about the Virtual Art Academy course which make it stand out above the other online painting courses available today:
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First quality education, materials, layered learning systems, feedback loop and social support and lifelong learning – amazing
Thank you again for such an amazing program and opportunity. I wish you continued and even greater success. You have contributed to many many people… thank you from all of us.
The improvement in my own work reaffirms that I’ve found the right program to develop as an artist

It is wild to see how much I am learning in this course!

I retired last year, and decided I wanted to spend my time in retirement learning how to oil paint. But having never painted before, I wasn’t even sure what to look for in an online painting course. However, I did some searches for “Best Online Oil Painting Courses,” and found several references to VAA.
I signed up for VAA’s ongoing Apprentice Program last October (2023), and I am incredibly glad I did! As a beginner, I didn’t know what I didn’t know, but I didn’t have to: VAA has already mapped it all out for me. It starts out with basic, fundamental stuff, but also teaches me the THINKING that goes in the painting: the composition, my color choices, how to consciously select which darks and lights need to be emphasized, etc.
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The Virtual Art Academy is the perfect art course I’ve been searching for. Barry’s decades of knowledge are condensed into fantastic lesson plans, creating a vibrant community. The apprentice course delves deep into drawing, painting planning, and color theory. It’s like obtaining an art degree at my own pace and more affordably. The structured format encourages interaction and feedback, enhancing the learning experience. Overall, a fulfilling way to study art from home.
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I went through the entire curriculum, did every every exercise, and today review my printed books/exercises on an annual basis to keep myself fresh and ready for my next painting adventure.
Onwards/Sideways,
Jay “jbird” Holobach
https://www.jayholobach.com/
VAA, the ultimate art course

