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What is color bias?
Understanding how color bias affects color mixing will make the difference between how to mix a color that is vivid and saturated, or ending up with a lower saturated or dull color. To get the brightest mixtures, choose base colours with a similar bias, meaning those that “lean” toward each other on the colour wheel.
For example, although you mix yellow and blue to make green, you have to understand which yellow mixed with which blue will produce the cleanest, brightest green. This is where colour bias comes in. To get the brightest green, choose a blue that has a yellow bias and a yellow that has a blue bias. This ensures the mixture contains only two colours: blue and yellow. Mixing primary colours with the same secondary bias will provide you vivid and pure mixes. In this case you would mix Cerulean Blue or Pthalo Blue (both have a yellow bias) with Cadmium Lemon or Lemon Yellow (both have a blue bias).
On the other hand, if you chose a blue with a red bias instead of a yellow bias, you would introduce a third colour, red, to your mixture. Red is the opposite or complement of blue, so it will make a muddy color. For example, Ultramarine Blue has a red bias and so does Cadmium Yellow, so you will get an earthier version of green because you have unwittingly added red.
Color bias or color temperature?
Colour bias is also sometimes referred to as colour temperature – whether the colour is “warm” or “cool”. It is a good practice to organize your painting palette from warm to cool. You can also arrange each color group from warm to cool, and then follow the order of colors you see on the color wheel. If you are an absolute beginner, lay out your palette like this:

This warm/cool primary palette uses the three primary colors of the triadic color wheel (red, yellow, blue) but uses two of each primary, a warm bias and a cool bias. It is a good palette layout for beginners since you can mix most colors easily. After a time you will know automatically where your cool and warm bias colors are.
How do I know what colors to mix?
When your learn how to mix a color, you need to keep in mind the color bias for the mix you want to create. This is very important when mixing the secondary colors: orange, purple, and green.
For example, for vivid orange both the red and yellow must have a warm color bias. To create a less saturated/lower hue or dull orange (brown) mix a yellow with a warm color bias (red) and a red with a cool color bias (blue), or a yellow with a cool color bias (blue), and a red with a warm color bias (yellow).
The concept of warm and cool color bias has been written about for hundreds of years. Many theories start with the six point color wheel (three primary colors and three secondary colors). A dividing line splits the wheel into warm and cool. The line varies based upon the reasoning of the theorist. Regardless, the general idea is that warm colors are yellow, orange and red; the cool colors are magenta, blue, and green.

To identify color temperature you’ll need to learn how to see and identify warm and cool colors. Some colors are easy to discern, but looking at so many colors in so many brands “color temperature” can get tricky. In the world of paint, each color has a warm and cool green, blue, red, yellow, earth color, and then the addition of black and white. Comparing a warm red to a cool red and then compare those to a third color, you should be able to see if it’s yellower, bluer, or in between the first two reds. Once you begin to “see” the differences it becomes easy to identify any color. This may take some time, so do a lot of practice mixing colors before you start painting. It will save a lot of time and wasted paint in the long term!
Here is a website to help you determine if your color bias is warm or cool. It is worth printing it out to hang in your studio, or laminate it and take it on plein air painting trips. Beginners can ignore most of the columns to start with, just concentrate on the Hue/Temp column. As you get more skilled, look at the other columns to give you more insight into the bias of each paint tube.
https://gamblincolors.com/color-temperature-list/
I hope this article on color bias has been helpful. Happy mixing!
Thank You
Thank you for taking the time to read this article. I hope you find it useful. If you would like to get free painting tips by email, please sign up for my free tips newsletter.
If you are interested in a structured approach for learning how to paint, take a look at my online painting classes.
Happy painting!
Barry John Raybould
Virtual Art Academy
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Fantastic lesson plans, and a vibrant community
The Virtual Art Academy is the perfect art course I’ve been searching for. Barry’s decades of knowledge are condensed into fantastic lesson plans, creating a vibrant community. The apprentice course delves deep into drawing, painting planning, and color theory. It’s like obtaining an art degree at my own pace and more affordably. The structured format encourages interaction and feedback, enhancing the learning experience. Overall, a fulfilling way to study art from home.
Only online learning program I have ever discovered using a training industry best practice

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I went through the entire curriculum, did every every exercise, and today review my printed books/exercises on an annual basis to keep myself fresh and ready for my next painting adventure.
Onwards/Sideways,
Jay “jbird” Holobach
https://www.jayholobach.com/
First quality education, materials, layered learning systems, feedback loop and social support and lifelong learning – amazing
Thank you again for such an amazing program and opportunity. I wish you continued and even greater success. You have contributed to many many people… thank you from all of us.
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It is wild to see how much I am learning in this course!

I retired last year, and decided I wanted to spend my time in retirement learning how to oil paint. But having never painted before, I wasn’t even sure what to look for in an online painting course. However, I did some searches for “Best Online Oil Painting Courses,” and found several references to VAA.
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I started learning oil painting with VAA from scratch. Just one year later my paintings started to sell

Since I started the programme I can see improvements in my composition and use of colour

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Building blocks of learning is the best I have seen

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The most comprehensive art instruction I could find anywhere online, and trust me, I had been looking for a long time.

The Virtual Art Academy is simply the most comprehensive art instruction I could find anywhere online, and trust me, I had been looking for a long time.
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I’m Richard Robinson …. best online art training available on the internet today

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The course is for beginners, intermediate and advanced artists

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When I got word of the course available through Virtual Art Academy, I was very excited for the opportunity to learn what I never knew about painting. VAA has provided me an excellent foundation on so many aspects of painting. The course is organized very logically, provides great examples, diagrams, thorough explanations and worthwhile assignments. I highly recommend this course to anyone with a desire for an in-depth education of art.
Thank you again, Barry, I love this course Jeanne
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